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Material Selection And Anti-freezing Structure Design of Ball Valve under Ultra-low Temperature Conditions

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Material Selection And Anti-freezing Structure Design of Ball Valve under Ultra-low Temperature Conditions

Ultra-low temperature conditions are commonly found in fields such as liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage and transportation, and cryogenic separation processes, with operating temperatures as low as -162°C or even lower. Under such extreme conditions, the material selection and anti-freezing structure design of ball valves become the core to ensure the safe and stable operation of equipment.

In terms of materials, the valve body usually adopts austenitic stainless steel (such as 304L, 316L) or nickel-based alloys (such as the Inconel series). These materials can still maintain good toughness and strength in low-temperature environments, avoiding cold brittle fracture. The ball material mostly uses stainless steel with extremely low carbon content or surface-hardened alloys to enhance wear resistance and sealing performance. The seals need to use special low-temperature elastomers, such as fluoroelastomer (FKM), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or reinforced materials filled with carbon fiber, to ensure excellent resilience and anti-deformation ability at low temperatures.

In the anti-freezing structure design, the double-seal structure has become the mainstream solution. By setting two seals on the inner and outer layers of the ball valve, an intermediate isolation chamber is formed. The chamber is filled with low-temperature grease or inert gas, which can not only reduce the transfer of cold energy but also effectively prevent external water vapor from intruding and forming ice. At the same time, the extended valve stem design extends the valve stem outside the insulation layer to avoid operational failure caused by the freezing of the valve stem and the stuffing box due to low temperature. Heat sinks are added at the connection between the valve stem and the valve body to accelerate the heat dissipation of the valve stem and reduce the risk of icing. In addition, the application of the tracing system is also crucial. Electric tracing or steam tracing devices can maintain the temperature of key parts of the ball valve and prevent the medium from solidifying and blocking the passage.


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